{smcl}
{com}{sf}{ul off}{txt}{.-}
      name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}/Users/Owsiak/Dropbox/CM Territorial Issues (Mitchell and Owsiak)/ISA 2024/Environment and Security/Replication Files/Replication Log.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}opened on:  {res}18 Mar 2025, 14:50:00

{com}. do "/var/folders/lk/7gdbhd5s7v76_gcvd9s7v2mc0000gn/T//SD27739.000000"
{txt}
{com}. *Replication file for: Owsiak, Andrew P., and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell. 2025. Conflict Management as an Insular Strategy? Comparing Dyadic Learning of Dispute Resolution Strategies across Geopolitical Issues. Environment and Security.
. 
. 
. *Main text
. 
. *Table 1. Peaceful conflict management. Adapted from Owsiak and Mitchell (2019). Text only.
. 
. *Table 2. Summary of Owsiak and Mitchell (2019). Text only.
. 
. *Table 3. Issue rivals, contentious issues, and conflict management.
. use "cm_as_an_insular_strategy.dta", replace
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab ir_three_code if ir_obs==1

      {txt}0=Not {c |}
   IR/1=IR, {c |}
        not {c |}
 multi/2=IR {c |}
  and multi {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          0 {c |}{res}        119       61.03       61.03
{txt}          1 {c |}{res}         48       24.62       85.64
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         28       14.36      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        195      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab region if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 

     {txt}region {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         53       44.54       44.54
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         60       50.42       94.96
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}          6        5.04      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        119      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab region if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 

     {txt}region {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         15       31.25       31.25
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         17       35.42       66.67
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         16       33.33      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         48      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab region if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1

     {txt}region {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         20       71.43       71.43
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}          7       25.00       96.43
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}          1        3.57      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         28      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab region if ir_obs==1

     {txt}region {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         88       45.13       45.13
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         84       43.08       88.21
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         23       11.79      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        195      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab terriss if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_riveriss==0

    {txt}terriss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         49      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         49      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab terriss if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_riveriss==0

    {txt}terriss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         21      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         21      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab terriss if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_riveriss==0
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab terriss if ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_riveriss==0

    {txt}terriss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         70      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         70      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab riveriss if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_terriss==0

   {txt}riveriss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          3      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          3      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab riveriss if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_terriss==0

   {txt}riveriss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          8      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          8      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab riveriss if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_terriss==0
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab riveriss if ir_obs==1 & max_mariss==0 & max_terriss==0

   {txt}riveriss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         11      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         11      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab mariss if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 & max_riveriss==0 & max_terriss==0

     {txt}mariss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         60      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         60      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab mariss if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 & max_riveriss==0 & max_terriss==0

     {txt}mariss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         19      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         19      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab mariss if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 & max_riveriss==0 & max_terriss==0
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab mariss if ir_obs==1 & max_riveriss==0 & max_terriss==0

     {txt}mariss {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         79      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         79      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab ir2_terr_riv if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ri {c |}
          v {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          1      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          1      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_terr_riv if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab ir2_terr_riv if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ri {c |}
          v {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          3      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          3      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_terr_riv if ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ri {c |}
          v {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          4      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          4      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab ir2_terr_mar if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ma {c |}
          r {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          5      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          5      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_terr_mar if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab ir2_terr_mar if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ma {c |}
          r {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         20      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         20      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_terr_mar if ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ma {c |}
          r {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}         25      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}         25      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab ir2_riv_mar if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab ir2_riv_mar if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab ir2_riv_mar if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_riv_mar {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          4      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          4      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_riv_mar if ir_obs==1

{txt}ir2_riv_mar {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          4      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          4      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab ir2_terr_riv_mar if ir_three_code==0 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ri {c |}
      v_mar {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          1      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          1      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_terr_riv_mar if ir_three_code==1 & ir_obs==1 
{txt}no observations

{com}. tab ir2_terr_riv_mar if ir_three_code==2 & ir_obs==1 

{txt}ir2_terr_ri {c |}
      v_mar {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          1      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          1      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab ir2_terr_riv_mar if ir_obs==1

{txt}ir2_terr_ri {c |}
      v_mar {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}          2      100.00      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}          2      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab cmtype if ir_three_code==0 

    {txt}1=bilat {c |}
neg/2=multi {c |}
neg/3=3nonb {c |}
/4=3b/5=oth {c |}
         er {c |}
peaceful/6= {c |}
        MID {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}        423       60.78       60.78
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         61        8.76       69.54
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}         71       10.20       79.74
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         31        4.45       84.20
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}          8        1.15       85.34
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}        102       14.66      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        696      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab cmtype if ir_three_code==1 

    {txt}1=bilat {c |}
neg/2=multi {c |}
neg/3=3nonb {c |}
/4=3b/5=oth {c |}
         er {c |}
peaceful/6= {c |}
        MID {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}        234       49.58       49.58
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         39        8.26       57.84
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}         79       16.74       74.58
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         20        4.24       78.81
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}         10        2.12       80.93
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}         90       19.07      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        472      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab cmtype if ir_three_code==2

    {txt}1=bilat {c |}
neg/2=multi {c |}
neg/3=3nonb {c |}
/4=3b/5=oth {c |}
         er {c |}
peaceful/6= {c |}
        MID {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}        522       58.32       58.32
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}         24        2.68       61.01
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}        167       18.66       79.66
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         22        2.46       82.12
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}         26        2.91       85.03
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}        134       14.97      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}        895      100.00
{txt}
{com}. tab cmtype

    {txt}1=bilat {c |}
neg/2=multi {c |}
neg/3=3nonb {c |}
/4=3b/5=oth {c |}
         er {c |}
peaceful/6= {c |}
        MID {c |}      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
          1 {c |}{res}      1,179       57.15       57.15
{txt}          2 {c |}{res}        124        6.01       63.16
{txt}          3 {c |}{res}        317       15.37       78.53
{txt}          4 {c |}{res}         73        3.54       82.06
{txt}          5 {c |}{res}         44        2.13       84.20
{txt}          6 {c |}{res}        326       15.80      100.00
{txt}{hline 12}{c +}{hline 35}
      Total {c |}{res}      2,063      100.00
{txt}
{com}. 
. sum intercession_month if ir_three_code==0, d

          {txt}Time (in months) since last cm attempt in
             issue-rivalry (caution with mm==00)
{hline 61}
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%    {res}        1              1
{txt} 5%    {res}        1              1
{txt}10%    {res}        2              1       {txt}Obs         {res}        571
{txt}25%    {res}        4              1       {txt}Sum of wgt. {res}        571

{txt}50%    {res}       14                      {txt}Mean          {res} 51.18564
                        {txt}Largest       Std. dev.     {res} 113.9771
{txt}75%    {res}       44            771
{txt}90%    {res}      120            773       {txt}Variance      {res} 12990.77
{txt}95%    {res}      248            916       {txt}Skewness      {res} 4.613428
{txt}99%    {res}      654            967       {txt}Kurtosis      {res}  28.0784
{txt}
{com}. sum intercession_month if ir_three_code==1, d

          {txt}Time (in months) since last cm attempt in
             issue-rivalry (caution with mm==00)
{hline 61}
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%    {res}        1              1
{txt} 5%    {res}        1              1
{txt}10%    {res}        2              1       {txt}Obs         {res}        422
{txt}25%    {res}        6              1       {txt}Sum of wgt. {res}        422

{txt}50%    {res}       14                      {txt}Mean          {res}  42.8981
                        {txt}Largest       Std. dev.     {res} 83.67013
{txt}75%    {res}       36            482
{txt}90%    {res}      106            532       {txt}Variance      {res}  7000.69
{txt}95%    {res}      181            664       {txt}Skewness      {res} 4.209968
{txt}99%    {res}      463            669       {txt}Kurtosis      {res}  24.7498
{txt}
{com}. sum intercession_month if ir_three_code==2, d

          {txt}Time (in months) since last cm attempt in
             issue-rivalry (caution with mm==00)
{hline 61}
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%    {res}        1              0
{txt} 5%    {res}        1              0
{txt}10%    {res}        1              0       {txt}Obs         {res}        859
{txt}25%    {res}        4              1       {txt}Sum of wgt. {res}        859

{txt}50%    {res}       10                      {txt}Mean          {res}  29.3539
                        {txt}Largest       Std. dev.     {res} 71.40497
{txt}75%    {res}       26            600
{txt}90%    {res}       60            623       {txt}Variance      {res} 5098.669
{txt}95%    {res}      114            971       {txt}Skewness      {res} 7.799844
{txt}99%    {res}      288            971       {txt}Kurtosis      {res}  85.9052
{txt}
{com}. sum intercession_month , d

          {txt}Time (in months) since last cm attempt in
             issue-rivalry (caution with mm==00)
{hline 61}
      Percentiles      Smallest
 1%    {res}        1              0
{txt} 5%    {res}        1              0
{txt}10%    {res}        2              0       {txt}Obs         {res}      1,852
{txt}25%    {res}        4              1       {txt}Sum of wgt. {res}      1,852

{txt}50%    {res}       12                      {txt}Mean          {res} 39.17117
                        {txt}Largest       Std. dev.     {res} 89.71339
{txt}75%    {res}     32.5            916
{txt}90%    {res}       87            967       {txt}Variance      {res} 8048.493
{txt}95%    {res}      170            971       {txt}Skewness      {res} 5.638044
{txt}99%    {res}      482            971       {txt}Kurtosis      {res} 43.68796
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table 4. Constructing the familiarity vartiables in a multi-issue rivalry's territorial claim(s). Text only.
. 
. *Table 5. Effect of past conflict management on the use of conflict management strategies. Summary of results from Tables A3-A6 (below). Text only.
. 
. *Table 6. Effect of past successful conflict management on the use of conflict management strategies. Summary of results from Tables A3-A6 (below). Text only.
. 
. *Table 7. Summary of findings on learning in the management of contentious issues. Summary of results from Tables 5-6. Text/counts only.
. 
. 
. *Appendix
. use "cm_as_an_insular_strategy.dta", replace
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table A1 (online appendix)
. summ terrbilat terr3nonb terr3b terrmultineg if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 3}terrbilat {c |}{res}        895    .3452514     .475716          0          1
{txt}{space 3}terr3nonb {c |}{res}        895    .0994413     .299421          0          1
{txt}{space 6}terr3b {c |}{res}        895    .0156425    .1241571          0          1
{txt}terrmultineg {c |}{res}        895    .0145251    .1197087          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ rivbilat riv3nonb riv3b rivmultineg if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 4}rivbilat {c |}{res}        895    .0804469    .2721359          0          1
{txt}{space 4}riv3nonb {c |}{res}        895    .0268156    .1616346          0          1
{txt}{space 7}riv3b {c |}{res}        895    .0022346    .0472455          0          1
{txt}{space 1}rivmultineg {c |}{res}        895    .0011173    .0334263          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ marbilat mar3nonb mar3b marmultineg if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 4}marbilat {c |}{res}        895    .1575419    .3645146          0          1
{txt}{space 4}mar3nonb {c |}{res}        895    .0603352      .23824          0          1
{txt}{space 7}mar3b {c |}{res}        895    .0067039    .0816481          0          1
{txt}{space 1}marmultineg {c |}{res}        895    .0111732    .1051699          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
l_ratio_te.. {c |}{res}        895    .4699384    .3451473          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_te.. {c |}{res}        895    .1116021    .1490977          0   .8333333
{txt}l_ratio_te.. {c |}{res}        895    .0159467    .0439297          0   .3333333
{txt}l_ratio_te.. {c |}{res}        895    .0268871    .1270606          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
l_ratio_ri.. {c |}{res}        895     .062628    .1401615          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_ri.. {c |}{res}        895    .0314992    .0981622          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_ri.. {c |}{res}        895    .0008872    .0083387          0   .1111111
{txt}l_ratio_ri.. {c |}{res}        895    .0003168    .0029922          0   .0322581
{txt}
{com}. summ l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
l_ratio_ma.. {c |}{res}        895    .1266544     .188489          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_ma.. {c |}{res}        895    .0412244    .0851938          0   .5263158
{txt}l_ratio_ma.. {c |}{res}        895    .0030529    .0112368          0   .0769231
{txt}l_ratio_ma.. {c |}{res}        895     .018314    .0558962          0   .6666667
{txt}
{com}. summ l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
l_ratio_st~t {c |}{res}        895    .3950534    .3224938          0          1
{txt}l_ra~rr3nonb {c |}{res}        895    .2353336    .3496183          0          1
{txt}l_ratio~rr3b {c |}{res}        895    .1698324    .3756954          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_st~n {c |}{res}        895    .0266773    .1045474          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
l_ratio_sr~t {c |}{res}        895    .1424402     .295381          0          1
{txt}l_rat~v3nonb {c |}{res}        895    .0849676    .2397629          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_~v3b {c |}{res}        895    .0145251    .1197087          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_sr~n {c |}{res}        895    .0111732    .1051699          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b l_ratio_smarmn_marmn if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
l_ratio_sm~t {c |}{res}        895    .3256484    .3959952          0          1
{txt}l_ra~ar3nonb {c |}{res}        895    .1591507    .3266896          0          1
{txt}l_ratio~ar3b {c |}{res}        895    .0815642     .270772          0          1
{txt}l_ratio_sm~n {c |}{res}        895    .1575419    .3622058          0          1
{txt}
{com}. summ icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002

{txt}    Variable {c |}        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 5}icowsal {c |}{res}        894    7.576063    1.912805          0         12
{txt}{space 4}recmidwt {c |}{res}        893    .4678611    .7994306          0        4.2
{txt}chal_cinc_~e {c |}{res}        895    .4211045      .31471   .0002345   .9979128
{txt}{space 7}jtdem {c |}{res}        861    .3867596    .4872909          0          1
{txt}{space 4}duration {c |}{res}        893     39.8925    40.95951          1        161
{txt}{hline 13}{c +}{hline 57}
{space 3}duration2 {c |}{res}        893    3267.214    5726.856          1      25921
{txt}{space 3}duration3 {c |}{res}        893    351969.2    827917.3          1    4173281
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table A2 (online appendix; table reports left column of each crosstabulation for space reasons)
. tab  ir_three_code terrbilat, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Bilateral neg in terr
multi/2=IR {c |}        claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       426        270 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     61.21      38.79 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       329        143 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     69.70      30.30 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       586        309 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     65.47      34.53 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,341        722 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     65.00      35.00 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  9.0803  {txt} Pr = {res}0.011
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.0586  {txt}ASE = {res}0.039
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code rivbilat, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Bilateral neg in riv
multi/2=IR {c |}        claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       678         18 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.41       2.59 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       438         34 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     92.80       7.20 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       823         72 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     91.96       8.04 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,939        124 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     93.99       6.01 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 22.1905  {txt} Pr = {res}0.000
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.3422  {txt}ASE = {res}0.069
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code marbilat, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Bilateral neg in mar
multi/2=IR {c |}        claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       561        135 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     80.60      19.40 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       415         57 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     87.92      12.08 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       754        141 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     84.25      15.75 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,730        333 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     83.86      16.14 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 11.3098  {txt} Pr = {res}0.004
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.0842  {txt}ASE = {res}0.051
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab  ir_three_code terrmulti, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |}  Multilateral neg in
multi/2=IR {c |}      terr claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       689          7 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.99       1.01 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       460         12 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.46       2.54 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       882         13 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.55       1.45 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,031         32 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.45       1.55 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  4.4496  {txt} Pr = {res}0.108
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.0747  {txt}ASE = {res}0.129
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code rivmulti, row  chi2 gamma 
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |}  Multilateral neg in
multi/2=IR {c |}      riv claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       695          1 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.86       0.14 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       464          8 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.31       1.69 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       894          1 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.89       0.11 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,053         10 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.52       0.48 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 18.5899  {txt} Pr = {res}0.000
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.1176  {txt}ASE = {res}0.118
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code marmulti, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |}  Multilateral neg in
multi/2=IR {c |}      mar claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       643         53 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     92.39       7.61 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       453         19 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     95.97       4.03 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       885         10 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.88       1.12 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,981         82 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     96.03       3.97 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 43.3124  {txt} Pr = {res}0.000
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.5820  {txt}ASE = {res}0.068
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab  ir_three_code terrmid, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |}
multi/2=IR {c |}  MID in terr claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       649         47 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     93.25       6.75 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       397         75 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     84.11      15.89 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       812         83 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     90.73       9.27 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,858        205 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     90.06       9.94 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 27.0138  {txt} Pr = {res}0.000
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.0702  {txt}ASE = {res}0.055
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code rivmid, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |}
multi/2=IR {c |}   MID in riv claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       695          1 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.86       0.14 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       467          5 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.94       1.06 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       882         13 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.55       1.45 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,044         19 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.08       0.92 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  7.4785  {txt} Pr = {res}0.024
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.5268  {txt}ASE = {res}0.151
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code marmid, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |}
multi/2=IR {c |}   MID in mar claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       642         54 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     92.24       7.76 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       462         10 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.88       2.12 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       857         38 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     95.75       4.25 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,961        102 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     95.06       4.94 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 20.6772  {txt} Pr = {res}0.000
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.2452  {txt}ASE = {res}0.089
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab  ir_three_code terr3nonb, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Non-binding 3rd party
multi/2=IR {c |}   cm in terr claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       652         44 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     93.68       6.32 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       426         46 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     90.25       9.75 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       806         89 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     90.06       9.94 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,884        179 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     91.32       8.68 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  7.3661  {txt} Pr = {res}0.025
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.1595  {txt}ASE = {res}0.063
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code riv3nonb, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Non-binding 3rd party
multi/2=IR {c |}  cm in river claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       693          3 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.57       0.43 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       453         19 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     95.97       4.03 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       871         24 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.32       2.68 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,017         46 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.77       2.23 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res} 18.1485  {txt} Pr = {res}0.000
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.3293  {txt}ASE = {res}0.095
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code mar3nonb, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Non-binding 3rd party
multi/2=IR {c |} cm in maritime claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       672         24 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     96.55       3.45 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       458         14 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.03       2.97 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       841         54 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     93.97       6.03 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     1,971         92 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     95.54       4.46 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  9.3455  {txt} Pr = {res}0.009
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.2424  {txt}ASE = {res}0.092
{txt}
{com}. 
. tab  ir_three_code terr3b, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Binding 3rd party cm
multi/2=IR {c |}    in terr claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       676         20 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.13       2.87 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       464          8 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.31       1.69 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       881         14 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.44       1.56 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,021         42 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     97.96       2.04 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  3.7221  {txt} Pr = {res}0.156
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.2274  {txt}ASE = {res}0.128
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code riv3b, row  chi2  gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Binding 3rd party cm
multi/2=IR {c |}    in river claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       696          0 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00       0.00 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       467          5 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.94       1.06 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       893          2 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.78       0.22 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,056          7 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.66       0.34 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  9.9608  {txt} Pr = {res}0.007
{txt}                    gamma = {res}  0.1306  {txt}ASE = {res}0.166
{txt}
{com}. tab  ir_three_code mar3b, row  chi2 gamma
{txt}
{c TLC}{hline 16}{c TRC}
{c |} Key{col 18}{c |}
{c LT}{hline 16}{c RT}
{c |}{space 3}{it:frequency}{col 18}{c |}
{c |}{space 1}{it:row percentage}{col 18}{c |}
{c BLC}{hline 16}{c BRC}

     0=Not {c |}
  IR/1=IR, {c |}
       not {c |} Binding 3rd party cm
multi/2=IR {c |}  in maritime claims
 and multi {c |}         0          1 {c |}     Total
{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         0 {c |}{res}       685         11 {txt}{c |}{res}       696 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.42       1.58 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         1 {c |}{res}       465          7 {txt}{c |}{res}       472 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.52       1.48 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
         2 {c |}{res}       889          6 {txt}{c |}{res}       895 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     99.33       0.67 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 
{txt}{hline 11}{c +}{hline 22}{c +}{hline 10}
     Total {c |}{res}     2,039         24 {txt}{c |}{res}     2,063 
           {txt}{c |}{res}     98.84       1.16 {txt}{c |}{res}    100.00 

{txt}          Pearson chi2({res}2{txt}) = {res}  3.3642  {txt} Pr = {res}0.186
{txt}                    gamma = {res} -0.2872  {txt}ASE = {res}0.150
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table A3 (online appendix)
. firthlogit terrbilat l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-511.82458}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-511.82458}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-511.82458}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-393.13936}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-388.31711}  
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-386.11068}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-385.88867}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-385.88862}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-385.88862}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:161.63}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-385.88862}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                   terrbilat{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 2.419943{col 42}{space 2} .3218313{col 53}{space 1}    7.52{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 1.789165{col 83}{space 3} 3.050721
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.831658{col 42}{space 2} .9575224{col 53}{space 1}   -2.96{col 62}{space 3}0.003{col 70}{space 4}-4.708367{col 83}{space 3}-.9549482
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.754857{col 42}{space 2}   .70551{col 53}{space 1}   -3.90{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-4.137631{col 83}{space 3}-1.372083
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.2257236{col 42}{space 2} .0464247{col 53}{space 1}   -4.86{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-.3167143{col 83}{space 3}-.1347329
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.4177854{col 42}{space 2}  .115072{col 53}{space 1}   -3.63{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-.6433224{col 83}{space 3}-.1922485
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.3365159{col 42}{space 2} .2888785{col 53}{space 1}   -1.16{col 62}{space 3}0.244{col 70}{space 4}-.9027073{col 83}{space 3} .2296755
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .4101317{col 42}{space 2} .2040861{col 53}{space 1}    2.01{col 62}{space 3}0.044{col 70}{space 4} .0101304{col 83}{space 3}  .810133
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0381171{col 42}{space 2} .0161434{col 53}{space 1}    2.36{col 62}{space 3}0.018{col 70}{space 4} .0064766{col 83}{space 3} .0697576
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0006333{col 42}{space 2} .0002763{col 53}{space 1}   -2.29{col 62}{space 3}0.022{col 70}{space 4}-.0011749{col 83}{space 3}-.0000917
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 3.32e-06{col 42}{space 2} 1.24e-06{col 53}{space 1}    2.69{col 62}{space 3}0.007{col 70}{space 4} 8.98e-07{col 83}{space 3} 5.75e-06
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.2734044{col 42}{space 2} .4345924{col 53}{space 1}   -0.63{col 62}{space 3}0.529{col 70}{space 4} -1.12519{col 83}{space 3} .5783811
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t1m1
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit terrbilat l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-510.29305}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-510.29305}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-510.29305}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-446.26319}  
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-443.80155}  
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-443.78063}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-443.78063}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:97.59}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-443.78063}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                   terrbilat{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1318998{col 42}{space 2} .2618596{col 53}{space 1}    0.50{col 62}{space 3}0.614{col 70}{space 4}-.3813357{col 83}{space 3} .6451352
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.733959{col 42}{space 2} .3573112{col 53}{space 1}   -4.85{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-2.434276{col 83}{space 3}-1.033642
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.021212{col 42}{space 2} .2414234{col 53}{space 1}   -4.23{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-1.494393{col 83}{space 3}-.5480311
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} -.177124{col 42}{space 2} .0415236{col 53}{space 1}   -4.27{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-.2585087{col 83}{space 3}-.0957394
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.4690994{col 42}{space 2} .1110109{col 53}{space 1}   -4.23{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-.6866768{col 83}{space 3} -.251522
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.7221317{col 42}{space 2} .2819909{col 53}{space 1}   -2.56{col 62}{space 3}0.010{col 70}{space 4}-1.274824{col 83}{space 3}-.1694398
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0706797{col 42}{space 2} .1882894{col 53}{space 1}   -0.38{col 62}{space 3}0.707{col 70}{space 4}-.4397201{col 83}{space 3} .2983607
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0591302{col 42}{space 2} .0145677{col 53}{space 1}    4.06{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}  .030578{col 83}{space 3} .0876824
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0008901{col 42}{space 2} .0002516{col 53}{space 1}   -3.54{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-.0013832{col 83}{space 3}-.0003969
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 3.93e-06{col 42}{space 2} 1.13e-06{col 53}{space 1}    3.47{col 62}{space 3}0.001{col 70}{space 4} 1.71e-06{col 83}{space 3} 6.15e-06
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .8194845{col 42}{space 2} .3715704{col 53}{space 1}    2.21{col 62}{space 3}0.027{col 70}{space 4} .0912199{col 83}{space 3} 1.547749
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t1m2
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit rivbilat l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-208.55436}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-208.55436}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-208.55436}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-188.99612}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-152.12336}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-149.53897}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-148.22488}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-147.60601}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-147.56888}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-147.56848}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-147.56848}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:81.97}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-147.56848}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    rivbilat{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}  .989904{col 42}{space 2} .5248371{col 53}{space 1}    1.89{col 62}{space 3}0.059{col 70}{space 4}-.0387577{col 83}{space 3} 2.018566
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 6.008844{col 42}{space 2} .8875462{col 53}{space 1}    6.77{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 4.269286{col 83}{space 3} 7.748403
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 1.398363{col 42}{space 2} .8203098{col 53}{space 1}    1.70{col 62}{space 3}0.088{col 70}{space 4}-.2094148{col 83}{space 3} 3.006141
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0132142{col 42}{space 2} .0713448{col 53}{space 1}    0.19{col 62}{space 3}0.853{col 70}{space 4}-.1266189{col 83}{space 3} .1530474
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.6551716{col 42}{space 2} .3277218{col 53}{space 1}   -2.00{col 62}{space 3}0.046{col 70}{space 4}-1.297495{col 83}{space 3}-.0128488
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0695862{col 42}{space 2} .4442575{col 53}{space 1}   -0.16{col 62}{space 3}0.876{col 70}{space 4} -.940315{col 83}{space 3} .8011425
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1483824{col 42}{space 2}  .334742{col 53}{space 1}    0.44{col 62}{space 3}0.658{col 70}{space 4}   -.5077{col 83}{space 3} .8044647
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0167884{col 42}{space 2}    .0302{col 53}{space 1}   -0.56{col 62}{space 3}0.578{col 70}{space 4}-.0759793{col 83}{space 3} .0424024
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0005949{col 42}{space 2} .0006897{col 53}{space 1}   -0.86{col 62}{space 3}0.388{col 70}{space 4}-.0019467{col 83}{space 3} .0007569
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 3.94e-06{col 42}{space 2} 3.43e-06{col 53}{space 1}    1.15{col 62}{space 3}0.252{col 70}{space 4}-2.79e-06{col 83}{space 3} .0000107
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.839151{col 42}{space 2}  .757149{col 53}{space 1}   -3.75{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-4.323135{col 83}{space 3}-1.355166
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t1m3
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit rivbilat l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-207.02283}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-207.02283}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-207.02283}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -186.9375}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-151.15758}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-145.47153}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-144.59477}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-142.94403}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-142.78329}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-142.77576}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-142.77542}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-142.77542}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:87.32}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-142.77542}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    rivbilat{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1756058{col 42}{space 2} .4649869{col 53}{space 1}    0.38{col 62}{space 3}0.706{col 70}{space 4}-.7357518{col 83}{space 3} 1.086963
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 2.933483{col 42}{space 2} .3698198{col 53}{space 1}    7.93{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}  2.20865{col 83}{space 3} 3.658317
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.4944002{col 42}{space 2} .4133575{col 53}{space 1}   -1.20{col 62}{space 3}0.232{col 70}{space 4}-1.304566{col 83}{space 3} .3157655
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0837678{col 42}{space 2} .0723156{col 53}{space 1}   -1.16{col 62}{space 3}0.247{col 70}{space 4}-.2255039{col 83}{space 3} .0579683
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} -.824501{col 42}{space 2} .3443349{col 53}{space 1}   -2.39{col 62}{space 3}0.017{col 70}{space 4}-1.499385{col 83}{space 3} -.149617
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.2812199{col 42}{space 2} .4677147{col 53}{space 1}   -0.60{col 62}{space 3}0.548{col 70}{space 4}-1.197924{col 83}{space 3} .6354841
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .5693699{col 42}{space 2} .3273629{col 53}{space 1}    1.74{col 62}{space 3}0.082{col 70}{space 4}-.0722495{col 83}{space 3} 1.210989
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0039657{col 42}{space 2} .0295968{col 53}{space 1}    0.13{col 62}{space 3}0.893{col 70}{space 4}-.0540431{col 83}{space 3} .0619745
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0008388{col 42}{space 2} .0006603{col 53}{space 1}   -1.27{col 62}{space 3}0.204{col 70}{space 4} -.002133{col 83}{space 3} .0004554
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 4.69e-06{col 42}{space 2} 3.28e-06{col 53}{space 1}    1.43{col 62}{space 3}0.153{col 70}{space 4}-1.74e-06{col 83}{space 3} .0000111
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.814203{col 42}{space 2} .6577056{col 53}{space 1}   -2.76{col 62}{space 3}0.006{col 70}{space 4}-3.103282{col 83}{space 3}-.5251235
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t1m4
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit marbilat l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-336.58462}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-336.58462}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-336.58462}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-261.98311}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-250.40422}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-249.18031}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-247.40785}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-247.35905}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-247.31786}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-247.31782}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-247.31782}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:111.63}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-247.31782}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    marbilat{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terrbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.875529{col 42}{space 2}  .439109{col 53}{space 1}   -4.27{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-2.736166{col 83}{space 3}-1.014891
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_rivbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.617526{col 42}{space 2} .8655155{col 53}{space 1}   -1.87{col 62}{space 3}0.062{col 70}{space 4}-3.313905{col 83}{space 3} .0788538
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_marbilat_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 3.167185{col 42}{space 2}  .576928{col 53}{space 1}    5.49{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 2.036427{col 83}{space 3} 4.297943
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1453657{col 42}{space 2}  .060278{col 53}{space 1}    2.41{col 62}{space 3}0.016{col 70}{space 4} .0272229{col 83}{space 3} .2635085
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} -.321844{col 42}{space 2} .1581636{col 53}{space 1}   -2.03{col 62}{space 3}0.042{col 70}{space 4} -.631839{col 83}{space 3} -.011849
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .6583064{col 42}{space 2} .4272771{col 53}{space 1}    1.54{col 62}{space 3}0.123{col 70}{space 4}-.1791414{col 83}{space 3} 1.495754
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .6538645{col 42}{space 2} .2373757{col 53}{space 1}    2.75{col 62}{space 3}0.006{col 70}{space 4} .1886167{col 83}{space 3} 1.119112
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0539725{col 42}{space 2} .0278933{col 53}{space 1}    1.93{col 62}{space 3}0.053{col 70}{space 4}-.0006974{col 83}{space 3} .1086424
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0004567{col 42}{space 2} .0006423{col 53}{space 1}   -0.71{col 62}{space 3}0.477{col 70}{space 4}-.0017157{col 83}{space 3} .0008022
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-7.28e-07{col 42}{space 2} 4.16e-06{col 53}{space 1}   -0.18{col 62}{space 3}0.861{col 70}{space 4}-8.87e-06{col 83}{space 3} 7.42e-06
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-3.553594{col 42}{space 2} .6557944{col 53}{space 1}   -5.42{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-4.838928{col 83}{space 3}-2.268261
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t1m5
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit marbilat l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-335.05309}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-335.05309}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-335.05309}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-277.76028}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-269.72826}  
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -267.9305}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-267.79722}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-267.79103}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-267.79102}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:98.81}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-267.79102}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    marbilat{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterrbilat_terrbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.5528103{col 42}{space 2} .3712325{col 53}{space 1}   -1.49{col 62}{space 3}0.136{col 70}{space 4}-1.280413{col 83}{space 3}  .174792
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_srivbilat_rivbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.3946459{col 42}{space 2} .3783751{col 53}{space 1}   -1.04{col 62}{space 3}0.297{col 70}{space 4}-1.136247{col 83}{space 3} .3469557
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smarbilat_marbilat {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 1.707803{col 42}{space 2} .2904827{col 53}{space 1}    5.88{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 1.138467{col 83}{space 3} 2.277138
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1253061{col 42}{space 2} .0586915{col 53}{space 1}    2.13{col 62}{space 3}0.033{col 70}{space 4} .0102728{col 83}{space 3} .2403394
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.1454334{col 42}{space 2} .1461614{col 53}{space 1}   -1.00{col 62}{space 3}0.320{col 70}{space 4}-.4319044{col 83}{space 3} .1410376
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 1.059636{col 42}{space 2} .3725117{col 53}{space 1}    2.84{col 62}{space 3}0.004{col 70}{space 4} .3295261{col 83}{space 3} 1.789745
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .8822608{col 42}{space 2}  .239874{col 53}{space 1}    3.68{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} .4121164{col 83}{space 3} 1.352405
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0290616{col 42}{space 2} .0214867{col 53}{space 1}    1.35{col 62}{space 3}0.176{col 70}{space 4}-.0130516{col 83}{space 3} .0711747
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0003105{col 42}{space 2} .0004282{col 53}{space 1}   -0.73{col 62}{space 3}0.468{col 70}{space 4}-.0011497{col 83}{space 3} .0005288
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.09e-07{col 42}{space 2} 2.35e-06{col 53}{space 1}   -0.09{col 62}{space 3}0.929{col 70}{space 4}-4.82e-06{col 83}{space 3} 4.40e-06
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-4.078092{col 42}{space 2} .6080354{col 53}{space 1}   -6.71{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-5.269819{col 83}{space 3}-2.886364
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t1m6
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table A4 (online appendix)
. firthlogit terr3nonb l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-217.56126}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-217.56126}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-217.56126}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-191.74128}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-169.22825}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-167.62829}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-166.39395}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-166.34211}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-166.34205}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-166.34205}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:80.97}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-166.34205}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                   terr3nonb{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}  4.11462{col 42}{space 2} .9254691{col 53}{space 1}    4.45{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 2.300733{col 83}{space 3} 5.928506
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.585608{col 42}{space 2} 3.253535{col 53}{space 1}   -0.79{col 62}{space 3}0.427{col 70}{space 4}-8.962419{col 83}{space 3} 3.791203
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.4081679{col 42}{space 2}  2.42422{col 53}{space 1}   -0.17{col 62}{space 3}0.866{col 70}{space 4}-5.159552{col 83}{space 3} 4.343217
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} -.006095{col 42}{space 2} .0728469{col 53}{space 1}   -0.08{col 62}{space 3}0.933{col 70}{space 4}-.1488724{col 83}{space 3} .1366824
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .3670851{col 42}{space 2} .1403035{col 53}{space 1}    2.62{col 62}{space 3}0.009{col 70}{space 4} .0920952{col 83}{space 3} .6420749
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .4232028{col 42}{space 2} .5588635{col 53}{space 1}    0.76{col 62}{space 3}0.449{col 70}{space 4}-.6721495{col 83}{space 3} 1.518555
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.294335{col 42}{space 2} .3785507{col 53}{space 1}   -3.42{col 62}{space 3}0.001{col 70}{space 4}-2.036281{col 83}{space 3}-.5523894
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0446776{col 42}{space 2} .0265719{col 53}{space 1}   -1.68{col 62}{space 3}0.093{col 70}{space 4}-.0967577{col 83}{space 3} .0074024
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}  .000804{col 42}{space 2} .0004383{col 53}{space 1}    1.83{col 62}{space 3}0.067{col 70}{space 4} -.000055{col 83}{space 3}  .001663
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.71e-06{col 42}{space 2} 1.91e-06{col 53}{space 1}   -1.42{col 62}{space 3}0.155{col 70}{space 4}-6.44e-06{col 83}{space 3} 1.03e-06
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.921618{col 42}{space 2} .6871083{col 53}{space 1}   -4.25{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-4.268326{col 83}{space 3}-1.574911
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t2m1
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit terr3nonb l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-214.36127}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-214.36127}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-214.36127}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-193.73608}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-175.05217}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-174.61017}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-173.48103}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-173.17969}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-173.16927}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-173.16927}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:71.45}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-173.16927}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                   terr3nonb{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .3185514{col 42}{space 2} .4214656{col 53}{space 1}    0.76{col 62}{space 3}0.450{col 70}{space 4} -.507506{col 83}{space 3} 1.144609
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.002114{col 42}{space 2} .8343424{col 53}{space 1}   -1.20{col 62}{space 3}0.230{col 70}{space 4}-2.637395{col 83}{space 3} .6331669
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .2202987{col 42}{space 2} .3819185{col 53}{space 1}    0.58{col 62}{space 3}0.564{col 70}{space 4}-.5282477{col 83}{space 3} .9688451
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0101833{col 42}{space 2} .0695409{col 53}{space 1}   -0.15{col 62}{space 3}0.884{col 70}{space 4}-.1464811{col 83}{space 3} .1261144
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .3243936{col 42}{space 2} .1423822{col 53}{space 1}    2.28{col 62}{space 3}0.023{col 70}{space 4} .0453297{col 83}{space 3} .6034575
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .3936597{col 42}{space 2}   .52064{col 53}{space 1}    0.76{col 62}{space 3}0.450{col 70}{space 4} -.626776{col 83}{space 3} 1.414095
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} -1.13176{col 42}{space 2} .3645553{col 53}{space 1}   -3.10{col 62}{space 3}0.002{col 70}{space 4}-1.846275{col 83}{space 3}-.4172449
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0377011{col 42}{space 2} .0261934{col 53}{space 1}   -1.44{col 62}{space 3}0.150{col 70}{space 4}-.0890392{col 83}{space 3}  .013637
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0007684{col 42}{space 2} .0004291{col 53}{space 1}    1.79{col 62}{space 3}0.073{col 70}{space 4}-.0000727{col 83}{space 3} .0016094
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.78e-06{col 42}{space 2} 1.84e-06{col 53}{space 1}   -1.51{col 62}{space 3}0.131{col 70}{space 4}-6.38e-06{col 83}{space 3} 8.26e-07
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.600939{col 42}{space 2} .6380336{col 53}{space 1}   -4.08{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-3.851462{col 83}{space 3}-1.350416
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t2m2
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit riv3nonb l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-78.573653}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-78.573653}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-78.573653}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-68.758181}  
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-60.446468}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-59.831725}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-58.848838}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-58.265531}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-58.025341}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-58.003404}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-57.956697}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-57.949252}  
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-57.949239}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-57.949239}  (backed up)
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:21.59}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-57.949239}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0174}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    riv3nonb{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-3.744916{col 42}{space 2} 3.632278{col 53}{space 1}   -1.03{col 62}{space 3}0.303{col 70}{space 4}-10.86405{col 83}{space 3} 3.374217
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 2.741679{col 42}{space 2} 1.143235{col 53}{space 1}    2.40{col 62}{space 3}0.016{col 70}{space 4} .5009805{col 83}{space 3} 4.982378
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-9.793369{col 42}{space 2}  11.1286{col 53}{space 1}   -0.88{col 62}{space 3}0.379{col 70}{space 4}-31.60502{col 83}{space 3} 12.01828
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1018878{col 42}{space 2} .1151574{col 53}{space 1}    0.88{col 62}{space 3}0.376{col 70}{space 4}-.1238166{col 83}{space 3} .3275921
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} -.029155{col 42}{space 2} .3495409{col 53}{space 1}   -0.08{col 62}{space 3}0.934{col 70}{space 4}-.7142426{col 83}{space 3} .6559327
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-1.942583{col 42}{space 2} .8000943{col 53}{space 1}   -2.43{col 62}{space 3}0.015{col 70}{space 4}-3.510739{col 83}{space 3}-.3744274
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.6116748{col 42}{space 2} .5071368{col 53}{space 1}   -1.21{col 62}{space 3}0.228{col 70}{space 4}-1.605645{col 83}{space 3}  .382295
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0872929{col 42}{space 2} .0615282{col 53}{space 1}    1.42{col 62}{space 3}0.156{col 70}{space 4}   -.0333{col 83}{space 3} .2078859
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0029677{col 42}{space 2} .0016544{col 53}{space 1}   -1.79{col 62}{space 3}0.073{col 70}{space 4}-.0062104{col 83}{space 3} .0002749
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0000159{col 42}{space 2} 8.21e-06{col 53}{space 1}    1.94{col 62}{space 3}0.052{col 70}{space 4}-1.70e-07{col 83}{space 3}  .000032
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-3.142498{col 42}{space 2} 1.097451{col 53}{space 1}   -2.86{col 62}{space 3}0.004{col 70}{space 4}-5.293462{col 83}{space 3}-.9915337
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t2m3
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit riv3nonb l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-75.373663}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-75.373663}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-75.373663}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-61.752782}  
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-57.181228}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-56.751563}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -55.88213}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.698681}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.684922}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.614555}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.596752}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.591231}  
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.590933}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-55.590933}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:24.18}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-55.590933}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0071}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    riv3nonb{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.7622222{col 42}{space 2} 1.533139{col 53}{space 1}   -0.50{col 62}{space 3}0.619{col 70}{space 4}-3.767119{col 83}{space 3} 2.242674
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 1.568702{col 42}{space 2} .5415014{col 53}{space 1}    2.90{col 62}{space 3}0.004{col 70}{space 4}  .507379{col 83}{space 3} 2.630025
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.380625{col 42}{space 2} 3.332136{col 53}{space 1}   -0.71{col 62}{space 3}0.475{col 70}{space 4}-8.911492{col 83}{space 3} 4.150243
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0490552{col 42}{space 2} .1137639{col 53}{space 1}    0.43{col 62}{space 3}0.666{col 70}{space 4}-.1739179{col 83}{space 3} .2720283
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0092315{col 42}{space 2} .3423231{col 53}{space 1}   -0.03{col 62}{space 3}0.978{col 70}{space 4}-.6801725{col 83}{space 3} .6617094
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.031511{col 42}{space 2}  .855824{col 53}{space 1}   -2.37{col 62}{space 3}0.018{col 70}{space 4}-3.708895{col 83}{space 3}-.3541267
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.4330205{col 42}{space 2} .4973781{col 53}{space 1}   -0.87{col 62}{space 3}0.384{col 70}{space 4}-1.407864{col 83}{space 3} .5418228
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}  .070536{col 42}{space 2} .0564266{col 53}{space 1}    1.25{col 62}{space 3}0.211{col 70}{space 4}-.0400581{col 83}{space 3} .1811301
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0024648{col 42}{space 2} .0014959{col 53}{space 1}   -1.65{col 62}{space 3}0.099{col 70}{space 4}-.0053967{col 83}{space 3}  .000467
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0000132{col 42}{space 2} 7.55e-06{col 53}{space 1}    1.75{col 62}{space 3}0.081{col 70}{space 4}-1.61e-06{col 83}{space 3}  .000028
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-2.953919{col 42}{space 2} 1.119347{col 53}{space 1}   -2.64{col 62}{space 3}0.008{col 70}{space 4}-5.147799{col 83}{space 3}-.7600391
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t2m4
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit mar3nonb l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-158.52555}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-158.52555}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-158.52555}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-106.47395}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -100.8382}  
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-95.021907}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-91.411535}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-91.123549}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -91.09228}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-91.092242}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-91.092242}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:87.06}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-91.092242}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    mar3nonb{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terr3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 3.152569{col 42}{space 2} 1.442873{col 53}{space 1}    2.18{col 62}{space 3}0.029{col 70}{space 4} .3245897{col 83}{space 3} 5.980549
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_riv3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 1.289637{col 42}{space 2} 1.532517{col 53}{space 1}    0.84{col 62}{space 3}0.400{col 70}{space 4}-1.714042{col 83}{space 3} 4.293316
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_mar3nonb_peacefulcm {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 12.79395{col 42}{space 2} 2.125811{col 53}{space 1}    6.02{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 8.627434{col 83}{space 3} 16.96046
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .3500596{col 42}{space 2} .1131356{col 53}{space 1}    3.09{col 62}{space 3}0.002{col 70}{space 4} .1283179{col 83}{space 3} .5718012
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .2736251{col 42}{space 2} .2004747{col 53}{space 1}    1.36{col 62}{space 3}0.172{col 70}{space 4}-.1192981{col 83}{space 3} .6665484
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .1894565{col 42}{space 2} .7708534{col 53}{space 1}    0.25{col 62}{space 3}0.806{col 70}{space 4}-1.321389{col 83}{space 3} 1.700301
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.7730919{col 42}{space 2} .4292965{col 53}{space 1}   -1.80{col 62}{space 3}0.072{col 70}{space 4}-1.614498{col 83}{space 3} .0683137
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0588716{col 42}{space 2}  .038606{col 53}{space 1}   -1.52{col 62}{space 3}0.127{col 70}{space 4} -.134538{col 83}{space 3} .0167949
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}  .000978{col 42}{space 2} .0007491{col 53}{space 1}    1.31{col 62}{space 3}0.192{col 70}{space 4}-.0004902{col 83}{space 3} .0024461
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-5.51e-06{col 42}{space 2} 3.78e-06{col 53}{space 1}   -1.46{col 62}{space 3}0.145{col 70}{space 4}-.0000129{col 83}{space 3} 1.90e-06
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-6.032953{col 42}{space 2} 1.217316{col 53}{space 1}   -4.96{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-8.418848{col 83}{space 3}-3.647058
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t2m5
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit mar3nonb l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-155.32556}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-155.32556}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-155.32556}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-137.04586}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-94.419726}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-92.172793}  
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-91.065505}  
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-90.003917}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -89.99252}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-89.961225}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-89.732134}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-89.729682}  
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-89.729682}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:84.80}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-89.729682}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0000}

{txt}{hline 29}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    mar3nonb{col 30}{c |} Coefficient{col 42}  Std. err.{col 54}      z{col 62}   P>|z|{col 70}     [95% con{col 83}f. interval]
{hline 29}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterr3nonb_terr3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 2.028338{col 42}{space 2}   .67983{col 53}{space 1}    2.98{col 62}{space 3}0.003{col 70}{space 4} .6958959{col 83}{space 3}  3.36078
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_sriv3nonb_riv3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 2.892123{col 42}{space 2} .6067551{col 53}{space 1}    4.77{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 1.702905{col 83}{space 3} 4.081341
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smar3nonb_mar3nonb {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 2.458549{col 42}{space 2} .5673694{col 53}{space 1}    4.33{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} 1.346526{col 83}{space 3} 3.570573
{txt}{space 21}icowsal {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .5331473{col 42}{space 2}   .11479{col 53}{space 1}    4.64{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4} .3081631{col 83}{space 3} .7581315
{txt}{space 20}recmidwt {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .2097954{col 42}{space 2} .1850731{col 53}{space 1}    1.13{col 62}{space 3}0.257{col 70}{space 4}-.1529412{col 83}{space 3} .5725319
{txt}{space 13}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0648328{col 42}{space 2} .7362572{col 53}{space 1}    0.09{col 62}{space 3}0.930{col 70}{space 4}-1.378205{col 83}{space 3}  1.50787
{txt}{space 23}jtdem {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .2085622{col 42}{space 2} .4086148{col 53}{space 1}    0.51{col 62}{space 3}0.610{col 70}{space 4} -.592308{col 83}{space 3} 1.009432
{txt}{space 20}duration {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} .0418028{col 42}{space 2} .0366203{col 53}{space 1}    1.14{col 62}{space 3}0.254{col 70}{space 4}-.0299716{col 83}{space 3} .1135772
{txt}{space 19}duration2 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-.0013356{col 42}{space 2} .0007087{col 53}{space 1}   -1.88{col 62}{space 3}0.059{col 70}{space 4}-.0027245{col 83}{space 3} .0000533
{txt}{space 19}duration3 {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2} 6.09e-06{col 42}{space 2} 3.42e-06{col 53}{space 1}    1.78{col 62}{space 3}0.075{col 70}{space 4}-6.09e-07{col 83}{space 3} .0000128
{txt}{space 23}_cons {c |}{col 30}{res}{space 2}-8.817623{col 42}{space 2} 1.313509{col 53}{space 1}   -6.71{col 62}{space 3}0.000{col 70}{space 4}-11.39205{col 83}{space 3}-6.243192
{txt}{hline 29}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t2m6
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table A5 (online appendix)
. firthlogit terr3b l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: -49.07587}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: -49.07587}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -49.07587}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -44.51605}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-36.608331}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-34.996813}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-34.225915}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-33.522467}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -32.76416}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-32.722864}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-32.677196}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-32.676966}  
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-32.676966}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:25.52}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-32.676966}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0044}

{txt}{hline 26}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                   terr3b{col 27}{c |} Coefficient{col 39}  Std. err.{col 51}      z{col 59}   P>|z|{col 67}     [95% con{col 80}f. interval]
{hline 26}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 5.912754{col 39}{space 2} 5.659506{col 50}{space 1}    1.04{col 59}{space 3}0.296{col 67}{space 4}-5.179673{col 80}{space 3} 17.00518
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 29.04964{col 39}{space 2}  14.8604{col 50}{space 1}    1.95{col 59}{space 3}0.051{col 67}{space 4}-.0762002{col 80}{space 3} 58.17549
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 36.16037{col 39}{space 2} 21.68937{col 50}{space 1}    1.67{col 59}{space 3}0.095{col 67}{space 4}-6.350016{col 80}{space 3} 78.67075
{txt}{space 18}icowsal {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.4442761{col 39}{space 2} .1479291{col 50}{space 1}   -3.00{col 59}{space 3}0.003{col 67}{space 4}-.7342118{col 80}{space 3}-.1543404
{txt}{space 17}recmidwt {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.8645493{col 39}{space 2} .5108344{col 50}{space 1}   -1.69{col 59}{space 3}0.091{col 67}{space 4}-1.865766{col 80}{space 3} .1366678
{txt}{space 10}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}  .342456{col 39}{space 2} 1.086874{col 50}{space 1}    0.32{col 59}{space 3}0.753{col 67}{space 4}-1.787777{col 80}{space 3} 2.472689
{txt}{space 20}jtdem {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-1.124573{col 39}{space 2}  .689758{col 50}{space 1}   -1.63{col 59}{space 3}0.103{col 67}{space 4}-2.476474{col 80}{space 3} .2273279
{txt}{space 17}duration {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0341414{col 39}{space 2} .0553231{col 50}{space 1}    0.62{col 59}{space 3}0.537{col 67}{space 4}-.0742898{col 80}{space 3} .1425727
{txt}{space 16}duration2 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.0000572{col 39}{space 2} .0009833{col 50}{space 1}   -0.06{col 59}{space 3}0.954{col 67}{space 4}-.0019844{col 80}{space 3} .0018701
{txt}{space 16}duration3 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-6.61e-07{col 39}{space 2} 4.64e-06{col 50}{space 1}   -0.14{col 59}{space 3}0.887{col 67}{space 4}-9.76e-06{col 80}{space 3} 8.44e-06
{txt}{space 20}_cons {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-1.883094{col 39}{space 2} 1.139828{col 50}{space 1}   -1.65{col 59}{space 3}0.099{col 67}{space 4}-4.117115{col 80}{space 3} .3509278
{txt}{hline 26}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t3m1
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit terr3b l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-40.962631}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-40.962631}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-40.962631}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-29.977945}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.908099}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.300583}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-23.781665}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-23.261625}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-23.036407}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.917534}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.774187}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -22.69828}  
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.635589}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.599582}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.599405}  
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.589773}  
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.589649}  
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.589628}  
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.589628}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:28.48}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-22.589628}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0015}

{txt}{hline 23}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                terr3b{col 24}{c |} Coefficient{col 36}  Std. err.{col 48}      z{col 56}   P>|z|{col 64}     [95% con{col 77}f. interval]
{hline 23}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 1.245934{col 36}{space 2} .7074078{col 47}{space 1}    1.76{col 56}{space 3}0.078{col 64}{space 4}-.1405602{col 77}{space 3} 2.632427
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 3.420305{col 36}{space 2} 1.251814{col 47}{space 1}    2.73{col 56}{space 3}0.006{col 64}{space 4} .9667943{col 77}{space 3} 5.873816
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 1.441709{col 36}{space 2} .9116346{col 47}{space 1}    1.58{col 56}{space 3}0.114{col 64}{space 4}-.3450624{col 77}{space 3}  3.22848
{txt}{space 15}icowsal {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.4076109{col 36}{space 2} .1510242{col 47}{space 1}   -2.70{col 56}{space 3}0.007{col 64}{space 4}-.7036128{col 77}{space 3}-.1116089
{txt}{space 14}recmidwt {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.8758598{col 36}{space 2}  .488213{col 47}{space 1}   -1.79{col 56}{space 3}0.073{col 64}{space 4} -1.83274{col 77}{space 3} .0810201
{txt}{space 7}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0608566{col 36}{space 2}  1.16533{col 47}{space 1}    0.05{col 56}{space 3}0.958{col 64}{space 4}-2.223148{col 77}{space 3} 2.344861
{txt}{space 17}jtdem {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-1.391321{col 36}{space 2} .8413046{col 47}{space 1}   -1.65{col 56}{space 3}0.098{col 64}{space 4}-3.040247{col 77}{space 3} .2576062
{txt}{space 14}duration {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0369134{col 36}{space 2} .0596061{col 47}{space 1}    0.62{col 56}{space 3}0.536{col 64}{space 4}-.0799124{col 77}{space 3} .1537392
{txt}{space 13}duration2 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} -.000221{col 36}{space 2} .0010458{col 47}{space 1}   -0.21{col 56}{space 3}0.833{col 64}{space 4}-.0022707{col 77}{space 3} .0018286
{txt}{space 13}duration3 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 4.39e-07{col 36}{space 2} 4.83e-06{col 47}{space 1}    0.09{col 56}{space 3}0.928{col 64}{space 4}-9.03e-06{col 77}{space 3} 9.91e-06
{txt}{space 17}_cons {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-2.178643{col 36}{space 2} 1.223081{col 47}{space 1}   -1.78{col 56}{space 3}0.075{col 64}{space 4}-4.575839{col 77}{space 3} .2185519
{txt}{hline 23}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t3m2
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit riv3b l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: .24217235}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: .24217235}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: .24217235}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 5.2959236}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 5.4318894}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 6.2743666}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 6.3978669}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 6.7335834}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 6.7878088}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.0917713}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.2185808}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.2223493}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.3534338}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  7.468389}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.7070794}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.8726113}  (not concave)
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.9999431}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.0580815}  (not concave)
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.3079808}  (not concave)
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  8.350778}  (not concave)
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  8.413493}  (not concave)
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.4244067}  (not concave)
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.4750968}  (not concave)
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  8.508892}  (not concave)
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.5642404}  (not concave)
Iteration 23:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.6083709}  (not concave)
Iteration 24:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.6382044}  
Iteration 25:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.7690672}  
Iteration 26:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.8195877}  (not concave)
Iteration 27:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.8440548}  (not concave)
Iteration 28:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.8763343}  (not concave)
Iteration 29:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.9002095}  (not concave)
Iteration 30:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.9102459}  
Iteration 31:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  8.924219}  (not concave)
Iteration 32:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.9270109}  
Iteration 33:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.9793673}  (not concave)
Iteration 34:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.9865794}  (not concave)
Iteration 35:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  8.989126}  
Iteration 36:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  9.015932}  
Iteration 37:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.0545928}  
Iteration 38:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  9.073539}  
Iteration 39:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.0922125}  (not concave)
Iteration 40:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.0927692}  (not concave)
Iteration 41:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  9.093287}  (not concave)
Iteration 42:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.0942861}  (not concave)
Iteration 43:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.0946915}  
Iteration 44:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1145578}  (not concave)
Iteration 45:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1166061}  (not concave)
Iteration 46:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1171044}  
Iteration 47:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1313615}  
Iteration 48:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1354795}  (not concave)
Iteration 49:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1355301}  
Iteration 50:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  9.139553}  
Iteration 51:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1403047}  
Iteration 52:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1403058}  
Iteration 53:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.1403058}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:4.97}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 9:9.1403058}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.8930}

{txt}{hline 26}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    riv3b{col 27}{c |} Coefficient{col 39}  Std. err.{col 51}      z{col 59}   P>|z|{col 67}     [95% con{col 80}f. interval]
{hline 26}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 11.10366{col 39}{space 2} 8.460095{col 50}{space 1}    1.31{col 59}{space 3}0.189{col 67}{space 4}-5.477825{col 80}{space 3} 27.68514
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 14.51619{col 39}{space 2} 24.52393{col 50}{space 1}    0.59{col 59}{space 3}0.554{col 67}{space 4}-33.54982{col 80}{space 3} 62.58221
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-29.44891{col 39}{space 2} 50.60799{col 50}{space 1}   -0.58{col 59}{space 3}0.561{col 67}{space 4}-128.6388{col 80}{space 3} 69.74094
{txt}{space 18}icowsal {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.0885034{col 39}{space 2} .5431001{col 50}{space 1}   -0.16{col 59}{space 3}0.871{col 67}{space 4} -1.15296{col 80}{space 3} .9759533
{txt}{space 17}recmidwt {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .2616948{col 39}{space 2} .7908959{col 50}{space 1}    0.33{col 59}{space 3}0.741{col 67}{space 4}-1.288433{col 80}{space 3} 1.811822
{txt}{space 10}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .1471555{col 39}{space 2} 2.460244{col 50}{space 1}    0.06{col 59}{space 3}0.952{col 67}{space 4}-4.674833{col 80}{space 3} 4.969144
{txt}{space 20}jtdem {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 1.823676{col 39}{space 2} 1.785034{col 50}{space 1}    1.02{col 59}{space 3}0.307{col 67}{space 4}-1.674927{col 80}{space 3} 5.322278
{txt}{space 17}duration {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.0872647{col 39}{space 2} .1248082{col 50}{space 1}   -0.70{col 59}{space 3}0.484{col 67}{space 4}-.3318844{col 80}{space 3} .1573549
{txt}{space 16}duration2 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0012787{col 39}{space 2} .0022687{col 50}{space 1}    0.56{col 59}{space 3}0.573{col 67}{space 4} -.003168{col 80}{space 3} .0057254
{txt}{space 16}duration3 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-4.79e-06{col 39}{space 2} .0000101{col 50}{space 1}   -0.47{col 59}{space 3}0.637{col 67}{space 4}-.0000247{col 80}{space 3} .0000151
{txt}{space 20}_cons {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} -4.84861{col 39}{space 2} 4.283593{col 50}{space 1}   -1.13{col 59}{space 3}0.258{col 67}{space 4} -13.2443{col 80}{space 3} 3.547078
{txt}{hline 26}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t3m3
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit riv3b l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.3554121}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.3554121}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 8.3554121}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 12.965732}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 13.434506}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 14.292803}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 14.828862}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 14.963341}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:  15.47159}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 15.739755}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 15.968548}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:  16.00548}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.106929}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.214596}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.232488}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.241219}  
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.296545}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.312892}  (not concave)
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.316938}  
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.407667}  (not concave)
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.416553}  
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.422567}  
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.423919}  
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.423924}  
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.423924}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:2.73}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 9:16.423924}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.9872}

{txt}{hline 23}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                 riv3b{col 24}{c |} Coefficient{col 36}  Std. err.{col 48}      z{col 56}   P>|z|{col 64}     [95% con{col 77}f. interval]
{hline 23}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .9937245{col 36}{space 2} 2.756961{col 47}{space 1}    0.36{col 56}{space 3}0.719{col 64}{space 4}-4.409819{col 77}{space 3} 6.397268
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .8579854{col 36}{space 2} 2.139514{col 47}{space 1}    0.40{col 56}{space 3}0.688{col 64}{space 4}-3.335384{col 77}{space 3} 5.051355
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.4961067{col 36}{space 2} 3.458911{col 47}{space 1}   -0.14{col 56}{space 3}0.886{col 64}{space 4}-7.275448{col 77}{space 3} 6.283235
{txt}{space 15}icowsal {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.1274277{col 36}{space 2} .5287523{col 47}{space 1}   -0.24{col 56}{space 3}0.810{col 64}{space 4}-1.163763{col 77}{space 3} .9089077
{txt}{space 14}recmidwt {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .1348066{col 36}{space 2} .8481297{col 47}{space 1}    0.16{col 56}{space 3}0.874{col 64}{space 4}-1.527497{col 77}{space 3}  1.79711
{txt}{space 7}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .1842441{col 36}{space 2} 2.497816{col 47}{space 1}    0.07{col 56}{space 3}0.941{col 64}{space 4}-4.711386{col 77}{space 3} 5.079874
{txt}{space 17}jtdem {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}  1.64727{col 36}{space 2}  1.77157{col 47}{space 1}    0.93{col 56}{space 3}0.352{col 64}{space 4}-1.824943{col 77}{space 3} 5.119484
{txt}{space 14}duration {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.0680759{col 36}{space 2} .1220367{col 47}{space 1}   -0.56{col 56}{space 3}0.577{col 64}{space 4}-.3072634{col 77}{space 3} .1711116
{txt}{space 13}duration2 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0009982{col 36}{space 2} .0022572{col 47}{space 1}    0.44{col 56}{space 3}0.658{col 64}{space 4}-.0034258{col 77}{space 3} .0054221
{txt}{space 13}duration3 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-3.71e-06{col 36}{space 2} .0000102{col 47}{space 1}   -0.37{col 56}{space 3}0.715{col 64}{space 4}-.0000236{col 77}{space 3} .0000162
{txt}{space 17}_cons {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-4.534402{col 36}{space 2} 3.943688{col 47}{space 1}   -1.15{col 56}{space 3}0.250{col 64}{space 4}-12.26389{col 77}{space 3} 3.195083
{txt}{hline 23}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t3m4
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit mar3b l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-17.937352}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-17.937352}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-17.937352}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-14.001427}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.586684}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.372427}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-11.729474}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -10.70488}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.163017}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-9.7660542}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-9.7303619}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-9.6774437}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-9.5732463}  (not concave)
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-8.6756263}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -8.356424}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-8.2755628}  (not concave)
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-8.1486073}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-8.1083408}  (not concave)
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-8.0070602}  (not concave)
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -7.969015}  (not concave)
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -7.856861}  (not concave)
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-7.6885715}  
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -7.590253}  (not concave)
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-7.4299993}  (not concave)
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-7.3010865}  (not concave)
Iteration 23:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-7.2755037}  (not concave)
Iteration 24:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-7.1788809}  (not concave)
Iteration 25:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.9883251}  (not concave)
Iteration 26:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.9555974}  
Iteration 27:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.5110207}  (not concave)
Iteration 28:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.4598385}  (not concave)
Iteration 29:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -6.439239}  (not concave)
Iteration 30:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.3284533}  (not concave)
Iteration 31:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.2856621}  (not concave)
Iteration 32:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.1985597}  (not concave)
Iteration 33:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.1632227}  (not concave)
Iteration 34:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.1128274}  (not concave)
Iteration 35:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-6.0607023}  (not concave)
Iteration 36:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.7867479}  (not concave)
Iteration 37:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.5876999}  (not concave)
Iteration 38:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.5382565}  (not concave)
Iteration 39:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4984329}  (not concave)
Iteration 40:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4761889}  (not concave)
Iteration 41:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4564127}  (not concave)
Iteration 42:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4508347}  (not concave)
Iteration 43:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4412054}  (not concave)
Iteration 44:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4250587}  (not concave)
Iteration 45:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4136267}  (not concave)
Iteration 46:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.4068975}  (not concave)
Iteration 47:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3996888}  (not concave)
Iteration 48:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3717589}  (not concave)
Iteration 49:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3511414}  (not concave)
Iteration 50:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3429371}  (not concave)
Iteration 51:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3289964}  (not concave)
Iteration 52:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3165307}  (not concave)
Iteration 53:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.3091184}  (not concave)
Iteration 54:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -5.297704}  (not concave)
Iteration 55:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2900274}  (not concave)
Iteration 56:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2824798}  (not concave)
Iteration 57:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2580753}  (not concave)
Iteration 58:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2379576}  (not concave)
Iteration 59:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2242134}  (not concave)
Iteration 60:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2097473}  (not concave)
Iteration 61:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.2032636}  (not concave)
Iteration 62:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.1971643}  (not concave)
Iteration 63:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.1919909}  
Iteration 64:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -5.131186}  (not concave)
Iteration 65:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.1240149}  
Iteration 66:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.1184935}  (not concave)
Iteration 67:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -5.116135}  (not concave)
Iteration 68:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.1147076}  (not concave)
Iteration 69:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.1133177}  
Iteration 70:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-5.0226643}  
Iteration 71:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-4.9904902}  
Iteration 72:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-4.9872351}  
Iteration 73:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-4.9848747}  
Iteration 74:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-4.9844024}  
Iteration 75:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-4.9843947}  
Iteration 76:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-4.9843947}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:17.32}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-4.9843947}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0676}

{txt}{hline 26}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                    mar3b{col 27}{c |} Coefficient{col 39}  Std. err.{col 51}      z{col 59}   P>|z|{col 67}     [95% con{col 80}f. interval]
{hline 26}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terr3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}  21.7279{col 39}{space 2} 6.934789{col 50}{space 1}    3.13{col 59}{space 3}0.002{col 67}{space 4} 8.135967{col 80}{space 3} 35.31984
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_riv3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}   37.586{col 39}{space 2} 19.16468{col 50}{space 1}    1.96{col 59}{space 3}0.050{col 67}{space 4}  .023911{col 80}{space 3} 75.14808
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_mar3b_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-49.66586{col 39}{space 2} 32.75424{col 50}{space 1}   -1.52{col 59}{space 3}0.129{col 67}{space 4} -113.863{col 80}{space 3} 14.53127
{txt}{space 18}icowsal {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .6679502{col 39}{space 2} .2776621{col 50}{space 1}    2.41{col 59}{space 3}0.016{col 67}{space 4} .1237425{col 80}{space 3} 1.212158
{txt}{space 17}recmidwt {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.8639128{col 39}{space 2} 1.152971{col 50}{space 1}   -0.75{col 59}{space 3}0.454{col 67}{space 4}-3.123695{col 80}{space 3} 1.395869
{txt}{space 10}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 1.782365{col 39}{space 2} 1.584204{col 50}{space 1}    1.13{col 59}{space 3}0.261{col 67}{space 4}-1.322618{col 80}{space 3} 4.887347
{txt}{space 20}jtdem {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 2.600191{col 39}{space 2} 1.244538{col 50}{space 1}    2.09{col 59}{space 3}0.037{col 67}{space 4} .1609412{col 80}{space 3} 5.039442
{txt}{space 17}duration {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} -.028895{col 39}{space 2} .0723633{col 50}{space 1}   -0.40{col 59}{space 3}0.690{col 67}{space 4}-.1707245{col 80}{space 3} .1129345
{txt}{space 16}duration2 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0006515{col 39}{space 2} .0012749{col 50}{space 1}    0.51{col 59}{space 3}0.609{col 67}{space 4}-.0018472{col 80}{space 3} .0031502
{txt}{space 16}duration3 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-2.92e-06{col 39}{space 2} 5.63e-06{col 50}{space 1}   -0.52{col 59}{space 3}0.603{col 67}{space 4} -.000014{col 80}{space 3} 8.11e-06
{txt}{space 20}_cons {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-12.58953{col 39}{space 2} 3.403839{col 50}{space 1}   -3.70{col 59}{space 3}0.000{col 67}{space 4}-19.26093{col 80}{space 3}-5.918127
{txt}{hline 26}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t3m5
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit mar3b l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: -9.824112}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: -9.824112}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -9.824112}  
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-.93122041}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-.69984876}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-.65545204}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-.12847068}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-.10475684}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: .45525133}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: .70574076}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: .95440089}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.0387898}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.2689705}  (not concave)
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.3313707}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.3892236}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.4187993}  (not concave)
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.4393482}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.4486238}  (not concave)
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.4725282}  (not concave)
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  1.508442}  (not concave)
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.5238549}  (not concave)
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.5377368}  (not concave)
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.5502381}  (not concave)
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.5713446}  (not concave)
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.6515007}  (not concave)
Iteration 23:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.6673536}  (not concave)
Iteration 24:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.6784157}  (not concave)
Iteration 25:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.6878114}  (not concave)
Iteration 26:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.6952333}  (not concave)
Iteration 27:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.6965946}  (not concave)
Iteration 28:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.7350704}  (not concave)
Iteration 29:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.7358632}  (not concave)
Iteration 30:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.7389599}  (not concave)
Iteration 31:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.9226964}  (not concave)
Iteration 32:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.9421331}  (not concave)
Iteration 33:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.9726306}  (not concave)
Iteration 34:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 1.9810211}  (not concave)
Iteration 35:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  1.989664}  (not concave)
Iteration 36:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  2.007817}  (not concave)
Iteration 37:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0100083}  (not concave)
Iteration 38:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0118582}  (not concave)
Iteration 39:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0139009}  (not concave)
Iteration 40:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0210312}  (not concave)
Iteration 41:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0236746}  (not concave)
Iteration 42:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0364401}  (not concave)
Iteration 43:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0501587}  (not concave)
Iteration 44:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0528986}  (not concave)
Iteration 45:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0536073}  (not concave)
Iteration 46:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0701793}  (not concave)
Iteration 47:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0813768}  (not concave)
Iteration 48:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.0841387}  
Iteration 49:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.2582008}  (not concave)
Iteration 50:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.2823955}  (not concave)
Iteration 51:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3303304}  (not concave)
Iteration 52:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3401689}  (not concave)
Iteration 53:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3495256}  (not concave)
Iteration 54:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3717559}  (not concave)
Iteration 55:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3766666}  (not concave)
Iteration 56:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3897536}  (not concave)
Iteration 57:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.3918578}  (not concave)
Iteration 58:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.4091199}  
Iteration 59:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.4280977}  (not concave)
Iteration 60:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.4469626}  (not concave)
Iteration 61:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.4534766}  (not concave)
Iteration 62:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.4668553}  (not concave)
Iteration 63:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.4841888}  (not concave)
Iteration 64:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5025548}  (not concave)
Iteration 65:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5072494}  (not concave)
Iteration 66:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5136616}  (not concave)
Iteration 67:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  2.519864}  (not concave)
Iteration 68:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5326364}  
Iteration 69:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5486495}  (not concave)
Iteration 70:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5554926}  (not concave)
Iteration 71:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  2.577777}  (not concave)
Iteration 72:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5839142}  (not concave)
Iteration 73:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5907635}  (not concave)
Iteration 74:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.5969514}  (not concave)
Iteration 75:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:   2.62166}  (not concave)
Iteration 76:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6274439}  (not concave)
Iteration 77:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6335293}  (not concave)
Iteration 78:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6440077}  (not concave)
Iteration 79:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6493163}  
Iteration 80:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6641957}  (not concave)
Iteration 81:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6702373}  (not concave)
Iteration 82:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6747465}  (not concave)
Iteration 83:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.6786078}  
Iteration 84:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7051429}  (not concave)
Iteration 85:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7083904}  (not concave)
Iteration 86:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7097303}  
Iteration 87:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7118308}  (not concave)
Iteration 88:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7123417}  (not concave)
Iteration 89:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7142665}  (not concave)
Iteration 90:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7151591}  (not concave)
Iteration 91:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7158026}  
Iteration 92:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  2.720218}  (not concave)
Iteration 93:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7215162}  (not concave)
Iteration 94:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7221554}  
Iteration 95:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7230736}  
Iteration 96:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7231706}  
Iteration 97:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.7231706}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:17.06}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 9:2.7231706}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0730}

{txt}{hline 23}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}                 mar3b{col 24}{c |} Coefficient{col 36}  Std. err.{col 48}      z{col 56}   P>|z|{col 64}     [95% con{col 77}f. interval]
{hline 23}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterr3b_terr3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 3.085674{col 36}{space 2} 1.162567{col 47}{space 1}    2.65{col 56}{space 3}0.008{col 64}{space 4} .8070847{col 77}{space 3} 5.364264
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_sriv3b_riv3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 2.680893{col 36}{space 2} 1.855744{col 47}{space 1}    1.44{col 56}{space 3}0.149{col 64}{space 4}-.9562992{col 77}{space 3} 6.318085
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smar3b_mar3b {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-1.333091{col 36}{space 2} 1.196929{col 47}{space 1}   -1.11{col 56}{space 3}0.265{col 64}{space 4}-3.679029{col 77}{space 3} 1.012848
{txt}{space 15}icowsal {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}  .566058{col 36}{space 2} .2866517{col 47}{space 1}    1.97{col 56}{space 3}0.048{col 64}{space 4}  .004231{col 77}{space 3} 1.127885
{txt}{space 14}recmidwt {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.7158606{col 36}{space 2} .8769862{col 47}{space 1}   -0.82{col 56}{space 3}0.414{col 64}{space 4}-2.434722{col 77}{space 3} 1.003001
{txt}{space 7}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .2305709{col 36}{space 2}  1.61095{col 47}{space 1}    0.14{col 56}{space 3}0.886{col 64}{space 4}-2.926833{col 77}{space 3} 3.387975
{txt}{space 17}jtdem {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 2.398366{col 36}{space 2} 1.046401{col 47}{space 1}    2.29{col 56}{space 3}0.022{col 64}{space 4} .3474574{col 77}{space 3} 4.449276
{txt}{space 14}duration {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.0524476{col 36}{space 2} .0723097{col 47}{space 1}   -0.73{col 56}{space 3}0.468{col 64}{space 4} -.194172{col 77}{space 3} .0892768
{txt}{space 13}duration2 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0010005{col 36}{space 2} .0012648{col 47}{space 1}    0.79{col 56}{space 3}0.429{col 64}{space 4}-.0014785{col 77}{space 3} .0034794
{txt}{space 13}duration3 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-4.29e-06{col 36}{space 2} 5.55e-06{col 47}{space 1}   -0.77{col 56}{space 3}0.440{col 64}{space 4}-.0000152{col 77}{space 3} 6.60e-06
{txt}{space 17}_cons {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-11.02857{col 36}{space 2} 3.076513{col 47}{space 1}   -3.58{col 56}{space 3}0.000{col 64}{space 4}-17.05843{col 77}{space 3}-4.998716
{txt}{hline 23}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t3m6
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Table A6 (online appendix)
. firthlogit terrmultineg l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-43.422143}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-43.422143}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-43.422143}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-27.953729}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-25.714181}  
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-23.405538}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.471238}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-22.101524}  
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-21.874288}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-21.862435}  
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-21.636067}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-21.624564}  
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-21.623529}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-21.623528}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:34.51}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-21.623528}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0002}

{txt}{hline 26}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}             terrmultineg{col 27}{c |} Coefficient{col 39}  Std. err.{col 51}      z{col 59}   P>|z|{col 67}     [95% con{col 80}f. interval]
{hline 26}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 4.489908{col 39}{space 2} 1.028977{col 50}{space 1}    4.36{col 59}{space 3}0.000{col 67}{space 4}  2.47315{col 80}{space 3} 6.506667
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 134.9686{col 39}{space 2} 72.64842{col 50}{space 1}    1.86{col 59}{space 3}0.063{col 67}{space 4}-7.419637{col 80}{space 3} 277.3569
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .5083289{col 39}{space 2} 4.271149{col 50}{space 1}    0.12{col 59}{space 3}0.905{col 67}{space 4}-7.862969{col 80}{space 3} 8.879627
{txt}{space 18}icowsal {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .1292096{col 39}{space 2} .1403691{col 50}{space 1}    0.92{col 59}{space 3}0.357{col 67}{space 4}-.1459087{col 80}{space 3} .4043279
{txt}{space 17}recmidwt {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.1401724{col 39}{space 2} .5971034{col 50}{space 1}   -0.23{col 59}{space 3}0.814{col 67}{space 4}-1.310473{col 80}{space 3} 1.030129
{txt}{space 10}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} -2.99338{col 39}{space 2} 1.570957{col 50}{space 1}   -1.91{col 59}{space 3}0.057{col 67}{space 4}-6.072399{col 80}{space 3} .0856386
{txt}{space 20}jtdem {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-2.343305{col 39}{space 2}  1.43042{col 50}{space 1}   -1.64{col 59}{space 3}0.101{col 67}{space 4}-5.146876{col 80}{space 3} .4602665
{txt}{space 17}duration {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.0540211{col 39}{space 2} .0636222{col 50}{space 1}   -0.85{col 59}{space 3}0.396{col 67}{space 4}-.1787183{col 80}{space 3}  .070676
{txt}{space 16}duration2 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0008561{col 39}{space 2} .0012471{col 50}{space 1}    0.69{col 59}{space 3}0.492{col 67}{space 4}-.0015883{col 80}{space 3} .0033004
{txt}{space 16}duration3 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-3.57e-06{col 39}{space 2} 6.40e-06{col 50}{space 1}   -0.56{col 59}{space 3}0.577{col 67}{space 4}-.0000161{col 80}{space 3} 8.97e-06
{txt}{space 20}_cons {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} -3.39875{col 39}{space 2} 1.356037{col 50}{space 1}   -2.51{col 59}{space 3}0.012{col 67}{space 4}-6.056534{col 80}{space 3}-.7409666
{txt}{hline 26}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t4m1
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit terrmultineg l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn l_ratio_smarmn_marmn icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-38.356448}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-38.356448}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-38.356448}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-32.598591}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-28.416309}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-27.818725}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-26.037211}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -25.95722}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-25.602373}  
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-25.056129}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.930513}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.860437}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -24.79591}  
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.225007}  
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.118969}  
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.096395}  
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.096351}  
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-24.096351}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:22.19}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 10:-24.096351}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0142}

{txt}{hline 23}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}          terrmultineg{col 24}{c |} Coefficient{col 36}  Std. err.{col 48}      z{col 56}   P>|z|{col 64}     [95% con{col 77}f. interval]
{hline 23}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 3.745716{col 36}{space 2} 1.154229{col 47}{space 1}    3.25{col 56}{space 3}0.001{col 64}{space 4} 1.483469{col 77}{space 3} 6.007963
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}  3.17879{col 36}{space 2} 2.004077{col 47}{space 1}    1.59{col 56}{space 3}0.113{col 64}{space 4} -.749128{col 77}{space 3} 7.106708
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smarmn_marmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.5872312{col 36}{space 2} 1.674787{col 47}{space 1}   -0.35{col 56}{space 3}0.726{col 64}{space 4}-3.869754{col 77}{space 3} 2.695291
{txt}{space 15}icowsal {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.0976223{col 36}{space 2} .1154287{col 47}{space 1}   -0.85{col 56}{space 3}0.398{col 64}{space 4}-.3238584{col 77}{space 3} .1286137
{txt}{space 14}recmidwt {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .4046273{col 36}{space 2} .3904602{col 47}{space 1}    1.04{col 56}{space 3}0.300{col 64}{space 4}-.3606606{col 77}{space 3} 1.169915
{txt}{space 7}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-2.206846{col 36}{space 2} 1.202575{col 47}{space 1}   -1.84{col 56}{space 3}0.066{col 64}{space 4}-4.563848{col 77}{space 3} .1501574
{txt}{space 17}jtdem {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-2.203991{col 36}{space 2} 1.353562{col 47}{space 1}   -1.63{col 56}{space 3}0.103{col 64}{space 4}-4.856925{col 77}{space 3} .4489424
{txt}{space 14}duration {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.0735384{col 36}{space 2} .0581368{col 47}{space 1}   -1.26{col 56}{space 3}0.206{col 64}{space 4}-.1874844{col 77}{space 3} .0404077
{txt}{space 13}duration2 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0009194{col 36}{space 2}  .001228{col 47}{space 1}    0.75{col 56}{space 3}0.454{col 64}{space 4}-.0014875{col 77}{space 3} .0033262
{txt}{space 13}duration3 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-3.02e-06{col 36}{space 2} 6.70e-06{col 47}{space 1}   -0.45{col 56}{space 3}0.651{col 64}{space 4}-.0000161{col 77}{space 3} .0000101
{txt}{space 17}_cons {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} -1.51058{col 36}{space 2} .9782808{col 47}{space 1}   -1.54{col 56}{space 3}0.123{col 64}{space 4}-3.427975{col 77}{space 3} .4068149
{txt}{hline 23}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t4m2
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit rivmultineg l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.1606974}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.1606974}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 2.1606974}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.3813758}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.0894422}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 9.9376904}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 10.247165}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 10.615638}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 10.782979}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:  10.88911}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:  11.04883}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:  11.30911}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.484936}  (not concave)
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.569925}  
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.637405}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.651415}  (not concave)
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.656043}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.660045}  
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.700017}  (not concave)
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.701957}  
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.744042}  
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.760754}  (not concave)
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.760828}  
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.766163}  
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.784742}  (not concave)
Iteration 23:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.789638}  
Iteration 24:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.792245}  
Iteration 25:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.794375}  (not concave)
Iteration 26:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.794491}  
Iteration 27:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  11.80382}  
Iteration 28:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.803865}  
Iteration 29:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.803895}  
Iteration 30:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.803895}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:7.51}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 9:11.803895}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.6762}

{txt}{hline 26}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}              rivmultineg{col 27}{c |} Coefficient{col 39}  Std. err.{col 51}      z{col 59}   P>|z|{col 67}     [95% con{col 80}f. interval]
{hline 26}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 3.446368{col 39}{space 2} 2.337452{col 50}{space 1}    1.47{col 59}{space 3}0.140{col 67}{space 4}-1.134955{col 80}{space 3}  8.02769
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 54.60859{col 39}{space 2} 58.65307{col 50}{space 1}    0.93{col 59}{space 3}0.352{col 67}{space 4}-60.34932{col 80}{space 3} 169.5665
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 4.590935{col 39}{space 2} 4.287921{col 50}{space 1}    1.07{col 59}{space 3}0.284{col 67}{space 4}-3.813236{col 80}{space 3} 12.99511
{txt}{space 18}icowsal {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0834969{col 39}{space 2} .3420635{col 50}{space 1}    0.24{col 59}{space 3}0.807{col 67}{space 4}-.5869352{col 80}{space 3}  .753929
{txt}{space 17}recmidwt {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0885053{col 39}{space 2} .8767596{col 50}{space 1}    0.10{col 59}{space 3}0.920{col 67}{space 4}-1.629912{col 80}{space 3} 1.806923
{txt}{space 10}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 2.391946{col 39}{space 2} 2.510162{col 50}{space 1}    0.95{col 59}{space 3}0.341{col 67}{space 4}-2.527882{col 80}{space 3} 7.311774
{txt}{space 20}jtdem {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 1.688911{col 39}{space 2} 1.632365{col 50}{space 1}    1.03{col 59}{space 3}0.301{col 67}{space 4}-1.510466{col 80}{space 3} 4.888288
{txt}{space 17}duration {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} -.065433{col 39}{space 2} .1126855{col 50}{space 1}   -0.58{col 59}{space 3}0.561{col 67}{space 4}-.2862925{col 80}{space 3} .1554265
{txt}{space 16}duration2 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0010441{col 39}{space 2} .0020305{col 50}{space 1}    0.51{col 59}{space 3}0.607{col 67}{space 4}-.0029356{col 80}{space 3} .0050239
{txt}{space 16}duration3 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-3.89e-06{col 39}{space 2} 8.98e-06{col 50}{space 1}   -0.43{col 59}{space 3}0.665{col 67}{space 4}-.0000215{col 80}{space 3} .0000137
{txt}{space 20}_cons {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-7.578612{col 39}{space 2} 3.685576{col 50}{space 1}   -2.06{col 59}{space 3}0.040{col 67}{space 4}-14.80221{col 80}{space 3}-.3550163
{txt}{hline 26}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t4m3
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit rivmultineg l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn l_ratio_smarmn_marmn icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.2263919}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.2263919}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 7.2263919}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 11.569035}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 12.332692}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 13.413098}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 14.052456}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 14.667839}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 15.793914}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 15.811156}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.022381}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.126763}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.205617}  (not concave)
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.243998}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.299066}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  16.32699}  (not concave)
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.333245}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.337918}  (not concave)
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.342013}  (not concave)
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.345703}  
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.414397}  (not concave)
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.416836}  
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.453667}  (not concave)
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.455824}  
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.467808}  
Iteration 23:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.482975}  
Iteration 24:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.483363}  
Iteration 25:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.483377}  
Iteration 26:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: 16.483377}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:5.61}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 9:16.483377}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.8472}

{txt}{hline 23}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}           rivmultineg{col 24}{c |} Coefficient{col 36}  Std. err.{col 48}      z{col 56}   P>|z|{col 64}     [95% con{col 77}f. interval]
{hline 23}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}  3.09989{col 36}{space 2} 1.954815{col 47}{space 1}    1.59{col 56}{space 3}0.113{col 64}{space 4}-.7314758{col 77}{space 3} 6.931256
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 1.315564{col 36}{space 2} 1.708015{col 47}{space 1}    0.77{col 56}{space 3}0.441{col 64}{space 4}-2.032084{col 77}{space 3} 4.663212
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smarmn_marmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .1899397{col 36}{space 2} 1.992013{col 47}{space 1}    0.10{col 56}{space 3}0.924{col 64}{space 4}-3.714335{col 77}{space 3} 4.094214
{txt}{space 15}icowsal {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0992552{col 36}{space 2} .4338292{col 47}{space 1}    0.23{col 56}{space 3}0.819{col 64}{space 4}-.7510344{col 77}{space 3} .9495447
{txt}{space 14}recmidwt {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .2639873{col 36}{space 2} .9878346{col 47}{space 1}    0.27{col 56}{space 3}0.789{col 64}{space 4}-1.672133{col 77}{space 3} 2.200108
{txt}{space 7}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 2.179799{col 36}{space 2} 2.413588{col 47}{space 1}    0.90{col 56}{space 3}0.366{col 64}{space 4}-2.550748{col 77}{space 3} 6.910345
{txt}{space 17}jtdem {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 2.027469{col 36}{space 2} 1.569033{col 47}{space 1}    1.29{col 56}{space 3}0.196{col 64}{space 4} -1.04778{col 77}{space 3} 5.102718
{txt}{space 14}duration {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.0629743{col 36}{space 2}  .104689{col 47}{space 1}   -0.60{col 56}{space 3}0.547{col 64}{space 4} -.268161{col 77}{space 3} .1422124
{txt}{space 13}duration2 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0008812{col 36}{space 2} .0019977{col 47}{space 1}    0.44{col 56}{space 3}0.659{col 64}{space 4}-.0030343{col 77}{space 3} .0047966
{txt}{space 13}duration3 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-3.09e-06{col 36}{space 2} 9.20e-06{col 47}{space 1}   -0.34{col 56}{space 3}0.737{col 64}{space 4}-.0000211{col 77}{space 3} .0000149
{txt}{space 17}_cons {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-7.614704{col 36}{space 2}  4.44676{col 47}{space 1}   -1.71{col 56}{space 3}0.087{col 64}{space 4}-16.33019{col 77}{space 3} 1.100785
{txt}{hline 23}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t4m4
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit marmultineg l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: -24.05735}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res: -24.05735}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -24.05735}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -20.71762}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-18.612609}  
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -16.31915}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-15.061339}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-14.320973}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-14.139591}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-13.695865}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res: -13.46995}  (not concave)
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-13.314212}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-13.251545}  (not concave)
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-13.168592}  
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-13.080604}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-13.021032}  (not concave)
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.957196}  
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.737649}  
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.640623}  (not concave)
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.473854}  (not concave)
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.450411}  (not concave)
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.442538}  (not concave)
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.439093}  
Iteration 21:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.343929}  (not concave)
Iteration 22:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.338091}  
Iteration 23:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.293544}  
Iteration 24:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.292519}  
Iteration 25:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  -12.2925}  
Iteration 26:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  -12.2925}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:18.33}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 8:-12.2925}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.0497}

{txt}{hline 26}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}              marmultineg{col 27}{c |} Coefficient{col 39}  Std. err.{col 51}      z{col 59}   P>|z|{col 67}     [95% con{col 80}f. interval]
{hline 26}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_terrmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0989863{col 39}{space 2} 2.119662{col 50}{space 1}    0.05{col 59}{space 3}0.963{col 67}{space 4}-4.055475{col 80}{space 3} 4.253447
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_rivmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 24.58761{col 39}{space 2} 54.70545{col 50}{space 1}    0.45{col 59}{space 3}0.653{col 67}{space 4}-82.63309{col 80}{space 3} 131.8083
{txt}{space 1}l_ratio_marmn_peacefulcm {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 7.618355{col 39}{space 2} 2.408669{col 50}{space 1}    3.16{col 59}{space 3}0.002{col 67}{space 4} 2.897451{col 80}{space 3} 12.33926
{txt}{space 18}icowsal {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.4312969{col 39}{space 2} .1684045{col 50}{space 1}   -2.56{col 59}{space 3}0.010{col 67}{space 4}-.7613637{col 80}{space 3}-.1012301
{txt}{space 17}recmidwt {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .6880917{col 39}{space 2} .3754003{col 50}{space 1}    1.83{col 59}{space 3}0.067{col 67}{space 4}-.0476793{col 80}{space 3} 1.423863
{txt}{space 10}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .9004025{col 39}{space 2} 1.163668{col 50}{space 1}    0.77{col 59}{space 3}0.439{col 67}{space 4}-1.380345{col 80}{space 3} 3.181151
{txt}{space 20}jtdem {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} 1.926738{col 39}{space 2} .7995614{col 50}{space 1}    2.41{col 59}{space 3}0.016{col 67}{space 4}  .359626{col 80}{space 3} 3.493849
{txt}{space 17}duration {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-.0720744{col 39}{space 2} .0683133{col 50}{space 1}   -1.06{col 59}{space 3}0.291{col 67}{space 4} -.205966{col 80}{space 3} .0618172
{txt}{space 16}duration2 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2} .0011613{col 39}{space 2} .0013046{col 50}{space 1}    0.89{col 59}{space 3}0.373{col 67}{space 4}-.0013956{col 80}{space 3} .0037183
{txt}{space 16}duration3 {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-5.26e-06{col 39}{space 2} 6.42e-06{col 50}{space 1}   -0.82{col 59}{space 3}0.413{col 67}{space 4}-.0000178{col 80}{space 3} 7.33e-06
{txt}{space 20}_cons {c |}{col 27}{res}{space 2}-2.535421{col 39}{space 2} 1.414733{col 50}{space 1}   -1.79{col 59}{space 3}0.073{col 67}{space 4}-5.308246{col 80}{space 3} .2374038
{txt}{hline 26}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t4m5
{txt}
{com}. 
. firthlogit marmultineg l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn l_ratio_smarmn_marmn icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3 if ir_three==2 & year<2002
{res}
{txt}initial:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-18.991655}
rescale:{col 16}penalized log likelihood = {res:-18.991655}
{res}{txt}Iteration 0:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-18.991655}  (not concave)
Iteration 1:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-15.684269}  (not concave)
Iteration 2:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-14.825809}  (not concave)
Iteration 3:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.756944}  (not concave)
Iteration 4:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-12.476458}  (not concave)
Iteration 5:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-11.806867}  (not concave)
Iteration 6:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-11.561322}  (not concave)
Iteration 7:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-11.461342}  (not concave)
Iteration 8:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-11.415547}  
Iteration 9:{space 3}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.945996}  (not concave)
Iteration 10:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.722417}  (not concave)
Iteration 11:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.662678}  (not concave)
Iteration 12:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.639881}  (not concave)
Iteration 13:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -10.63249}  
Iteration 14:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.610624}  (not concave)
Iteration 15:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.609218}  
Iteration 16:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:  -10.4897}  
Iteration 17:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -10.48766}  
Iteration 18:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res:-10.486883}  
Iteration 19:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -10.48686}  
Iteration 20:{space 2}penalized log likelihood = {res: -10.48686}  
{res}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Number of obs}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:858}
{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Wald chi2({res:10})}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:11.30}
{txt}{col 1}{lalign 24:Penalized log likelihood}{col 25} = {res}{ralign 9:-10.48686}{txt}{col 57}{lalign 13:Prob > chi2}{col 70} = {res}{ralign 6:0.3345}

{txt}{hline 23}{c TT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
{col 1}           marmultineg{col 24}{c |} Coefficient{col 36}  Std. err.{col 48}      z{col 56}   P>|z|{col 64}     [95% con{col 77}f. interval]
{hline 23}{c +}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}
l_ratio_sterrmn_terrmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} 1.304271{col 36}{space 2}  4.64484{col 47}{space 1}    0.28{col 56}{space 3}0.779{col 64}{space 4}-7.799448{col 77}{space 3} 10.40799
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_srivmn_rivmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}  .256513{col 36}{space 2} 1.533014{col 47}{space 1}    0.17{col 56}{space 3}0.867{col 64}{space 4}-2.748139{col 77}{space 3} 3.261165
{txt}{space 2}l_ratio_smarmn_marmn {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.1780364{col 36}{space 2} 1.099518{col 47}{space 1}   -0.16{col 56}{space 3}0.871{col 64}{space 4}-2.333051{col 77}{space 3} 1.976978
{txt}{space 15}icowsal {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.3585313{col 36}{space 2} .1857196{col 47}{space 1}   -1.93{col 56}{space 3}0.054{col 64}{space 4} -.722535{col 77}{space 3} .0054725
{txt}{space 14}recmidwt {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .6671475{col 36}{space 2} .4176304{col 47}{space 1}    1.60{col 56}{space 3}0.110{col 64}{space 4} -.151393{col 77}{space 3} 1.485688
{txt}{space 7}chal_cinc_share {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .7849724{col 36}{space 2} 1.137312{col 47}{space 1}    0.69{col 56}{space 3}0.490{col 64}{space 4}-1.444117{col 77}{space 3} 3.014062
{txt}{space 17}jtdem {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}   2.2531{col 36}{space 2} .8898745{col 47}{space 1}    2.53{col 56}{space 3}0.011{col 64}{space 4} .5089778{col 77}{space 3} 3.997222
{txt}{space 14}duration {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-.0716028{col 36}{space 2} .0635354{col 47}{space 1}   -1.13{col 56}{space 3}0.260{col 64}{space 4}-.1961299{col 77}{space 3} .0529243
{txt}{space 13}duration2 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2} .0011011{col 36}{space 2} .0011682{col 47}{space 1}    0.94{col 56}{space 3}0.346{col 64}{space 4}-.0011886{col 77}{space 3} .0033907
{txt}{space 13}duration3 {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-4.68e-06{col 36}{space 2} 5.52e-06{col 47}{space 1}   -0.85{col 56}{space 3}0.396{col 64}{space 4}-.0000155{col 77}{space 3} 6.14e-06
{txt}{space 17}_cons {c |}{col 24}{res}{space 2}-2.862423{col 36}{space 2} 1.632769{col 47}{space 1}   -1.75{col 56}{space 3}0.080{col 64}{space 4}-6.062592{col 77}{space 3} .3377452
{txt}{hline 23}{c BT}{hline 11}{hline 11}{hline 9}{hline 8}{hline 13}{hline 12}

{com}. 
. estimates store t4m6
{txt}
{com}. 
. *Figure A1 (online appendix)
. *This code produces the individual panels located within Figure A1. We reformatted each panel in Stata's Graph Editor for presentational purposes. We then combined the individual four panels into a single figure using Stata's graph combine command.
. coefplot (t1m1, offset(.25) label(Territorial)) (t1m2, offset(.25)) (t1m3, offset(0)) (t1m4, offset(0)) (t1m5, offset(-0.25)) (t1m6, offset(-0.25)), xline(0) drop(_cons icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3) byopts(xrescale legend(position(5))) 
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. coefplot (t2m1, offset(.25) label(Territorial)) (t2m2, offset(.25)) (t2m3, offset(0)) (t2m4, offset(0)) (t2m5, offset(-0.25)) (t2m6, offset(-0.25)), xline(0) drop(_cons icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3) byopts(xrescale legend(position(5))) 
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. coefplot (t3m1, offset(.25) label(Territorial)) (t3m2, offset(.25)) (t3m3, offset(0)) (t3m4, offset(0)) (t3m5, offset(-0.25)) (t3m6, offset(-0.25)), xline(0) drop(_cons icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3) byopts(xrescale legend(position(5))) 
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
. coefplot (t4m1, offset(.25) label(Territorial)) (t4m2, offset(.25)) (t4m3, offset(0)) (t4m4, offset(0)) (t4m5, offset(-0.25)) (t4m6, offset(-0.25)), xline(0) drop(_cons icowsal recmidwt chal_cinc_share jtdem duration duration2 duration3) byopts(xrescale legend(position(5))) 
{res}{txt}
{com}. 
{txt}end of do-file

{com}. log close
      {txt}name:  {res}<unnamed>
       {txt}log:  {res}/Users/Owsiak/Dropbox/CM Territorial Issues (Mitchell and Owsiak)/ISA 2024/Environment and Security/Replication Files/Replication Log.smcl
  {txt}log type:  {res}smcl
 {txt}closed on:  {res}18 Mar 2025, 14:52:23
{txt}{.-}
{smcl}
{txt}{sf}{ul off}